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Chivalric orders are societies and fellowships of knights founded in imitation of the Christian military orders of the Crusades. After the crusades, the memory of these crusading military orders became idealised and romanticised. Modern historiography tends to take the fall of Acre in 1291 as the final end of the age of the crusades. In contemporary understanding, many further crusades against the Turks were planned and partly executed throughout the 14th century and well into the 15th century. The late medieval chivalric orders understood themselves as reflecting an ongoing military effort against Islam, even though such an effort, with the rise of the Ottoman Empire and the Fall of Constantinople in the 1450s, was without realistic hope of success. During the 15th century, orders of chivalry became a mere courtly fashion that could be created ''ad-hoc'', some of them purely honorific, consisting of nothing but the badge. These institutions in turn gave rise to the modern-day orders of merit. ==Distinction== Heraldist D'Arcy Boulton (1987) classifies chivalric orders in the followings manner: *Monarchical orders *Confraternal orders *Fraternal orders *Votive Orders *Cliental pseudo-orders *Honorific orders Based on Boulton, this article distinguishes: * Chivalric orders by time of foundation: * * Medieval chivalric orders: foundation of the order during the middle ages or renaissance * * Modern chivalric orders: foundation after 1789 * Chivalric orders by religion: * * Catholic chivalric orders: membership exclusively for members of the Catholic Church * * Protestant chivalric orders: blessed by the heads of Protestant churches * * Orthodox chivalric orders: blessed by the heads of Orthodox churches * Chivalric orders by purpose: * * Monarchical chivalric orders: foundation by a monarch who is a fount of honour; either ruling or not ruling * * Confraternal chivalric orders: foundation by a nobleman, either high nobility or low nobility * * Fraternal chivalric orders: founded for a specific purpose only * * Votive chivalric orders: founded for a limited period of time only by members who take a vow * * Honorific chivalric orders: consist only of honorific insignia bestowed on knights on festive occasions, consisting of nothing but the badge * * Self-styled orders: self-proclaimed imitation-orders without statutes or restricted memberships 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chivalric order」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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